Understanding yourself
Burnout or depression? How to tell the difference
They share exhaustion and a loss of motivation, and they can exist together. The differences still matter.
What they have in common
Both bring deep tiredness, trouble concentrating, poor sleep and a feeling that you cannot keep going. From the inside they can be hard to tell apart.
Burnout
Burnout is described by the World Health Organization as the result of chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. It is tied to a context, usually work or caring responsibilities. Its three hallmarks are:
- exhaustion,
- growing cynicism or distance from the job,
- a sense of achieving less.
A telling sign: on holiday, or when you imagine never returning to the role, you feel relief.
Depression
Depression is a health condition that colours every part of life, including the parts that have nothing to do with work. Typical features are persistent low mood, loss of pleasure in things you normally enjoy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, and sometimes thoughts of death. Time off does not lift it.
Why the distinction matters
Burnout improves when the load changes: boundaries, rest, a different role, more support. Depression usually needs treatment in its own right, whatever your circumstances. Long-lasting burnout can also develop into depression, so waiting is not a neutral choice.
What to do
- Take a two-minute PHQ-9 self-test to see where your mood stands.
- Notice whether anything still gives you pleasure outside work.
- Speak to a doctor or therapist if you are unsure. You do not need to work it out alone.
Read more about therapy for stress and burnout and therapy for depression.
This article is general information, not medical advice. If you are in crisis, please use the resources on our Get help now page.